Sunni and Shia differences arose from disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. Most Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni (85–90%) or Shia (10–15%), and make up a majority of the population in 49 countries. The expansion of the Muslim world involved various states and caliphates such as the Ottoman Empire, trade, and conversion to Islam by missionary activities ( dawah). The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century, during the Abbasid Caliphate, when much of the historically Muslim world was experiencing a scientific, economic, and cultural flourishing. and by the 8th century, the Umayyad Caliphate extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east. įrom a historical point of view, Islam originated in early 7th century CE in the Arabian Peninsula, in Mecca. The cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam. Religious concepts and practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, as well as following Islamic law ( sharia), which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, from banking and welfare to women and the environment. Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded in paradise and the unrighteous punished in hell. Muslims consider the Quran, in Arabic, to be the unaltered and final revelation of God.
Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets such as Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, believed to be the verbatim word of God, as well as the teachings and practices ( sunnah), in traditional accounts ( hadith) of Muhammad ( c.
Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, and unique, and has guided humanity through prophets, revealed scriptures, and natural signs. It is the world's second-largest religion with 1.9 billion followers or 24.9% of the world's population, known as Muslims. Islam ( / ˈ ɪ s l ɑː m/ Arabic: اَلْإِسْلَامُ, romanized: al-’Islām, ( listen)) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that Muhammad is a messenger of God.
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